Meta-analysis finds lower detected prostate cancer incidence in transgender women on hormone therapy

Meta-analysis · Eur Urol Oncol · 2026-10-16. Number 5 in the UrologyWatch Top 5 for October 16, 2026.

Pooled analysis of 54,342 transgender women on gender-affirming hormone therapy found a standardized incidence ratio of 0.224 versus cisgender men, but grade/stage data came from fewer than 40 cases with no matched comparison group.

Why it matters: Suggests GAHT may lower detectable prostate cancer risk, but evidence certainty is very low and should not change individualized screening discussions.

Limitation: Very low certainty evidence; severity data limited to under 40 cases without matched cisgender comparison.

Source: Eur Urol Oncol · PubMed 42881114 · DOI 10.1016/j.euo.2026.10.002

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