SEER-Medicare study: second cancers occur in over 1 in 10 long-term survivors, most often bladder in prostate cancer survivors
Retrospective · J Natl Cancer Inst · 2026-10-14. Number 3 in the UrologyWatch Top 5 for October 14, 2026.
Among 90,261 long-term survivors (breast, prostate, colon, rectal) diagnosed age 66+, 11.2% developed a late second primary malignancy 5+ years after diagnosis; cumulative incidence was highest in prostate cancer survivors, and bladder cancer was the most common late second cancer in this group.
Why it matters: Supports continued cancer surveillance beyond 5 years in older prostate cancer survivors, including attention to bladder cancer risk.
Limitation: Retrospective SEER-Medicare cohort limited to age 66+; cannot establish causation between treatment and second cancers.
Source: J Natl Cancer Inst · PubMed 42867138 · DOI 10.1093/jnci/djag383
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